{"id":665,"date":"2008-11-05T10:11:47","date_gmt":"2008-11-05T10:11:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/?p=665"},"modified":"2011-12-26T11:09:34","modified_gmt":"2011-12-26T11:09:34","slug":"zemudens-nirsana-un-smekesana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/lt\/povandeninis-nardymas-ir-smekesana\/","title":{"rendered":"Nardymas ir r\u016bkymas"},"content":{"rendered":"

StraipsnyjeR\u016bkymas ir nardymas<\/a>"Dr. Davidas Buchas atkreipia m\u016bs\u0173 d\u0117mes\u012f \u012f tai, kad per daug aktyvi\u0173 nar\u0173 taip pat yra aistringi r\u016bkaliai. Ties\u0105 sakant, per 15 met\u0173, kuriuos praleid\u017eiu laisvalaikio nardymui, pasteb\u0117jau, kad tarp plaukik\u0173 suma\u017e\u0117jo r\u016bkan\u010di\u0173j\u0173. Daugelis nardymo val\u010di\u0173 riboja r\u016bkym\u0105 laive, ta\u010diau yra ir nema\u017eai nar\u0173, kurie \u201er\u016bko\u201c prie\u0161, po ar tarp dviej\u0173 nardym\u0173. Taip pat esu susipa\u017ein\u0119s su keliais instruktoriais, kurie taip pat yra aistringi r\u016bkaliai.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Kasdien dirbant teismo medicinos ekspertu, nuolat stebimas \u017ealingas tabako r\u016bkymo poveikis \u017emogaus sveikatai. R\u016bkan\u010diojo plau\u010diai skiriasi ne tik vizualiai, bet ir turi skirting\u0105 konsistencij\u0105. Kartais net tenka susim\u0105styti, kaip jie gali pakeisti gyvybei reikalingas dujas. Tabako vartojimas taip pat turi \u012ftakos ateroskleroz\u0117s vystymuisi periferin\u0117se ir vainikin\u0117se arterijose. Nepaisant pastarojo meto aktyvumo medicinos ir populiariojoje spaudoje, kur buvo prane\u0161ta apie nutukimo poveik\u012f ankstyvoms mirtims, r\u016bkymas vis dar yra pagrindin\u0117 mirties prie\u017eastis pasaulyje. 2004 m. Amerikos medicinos asociacijos \u017eurnale nustatyta, kad 18,11 TP1T vis\u0173 mir\u010di\u0173 Jungtin\u0117se Valstijose 2000 m. buvo susijusios su tabako vartojimu. Kitos mirties prie\u017eastys \u2013 netinkama mityba, autoavarijos ir ligos \u2013 ma\u017eesn\u0117s.<\/p>\n

Kod\u0117l ner\u016bkyti? CO arba anglies monoksidas, taip pat \u017einomas kaip Tvano dujos.<\/strong>
\nMedicininiu po\u017ei\u016briu visi\u0161kai neai\u0161ku, kod\u0117l \u017emon\u0117s, u\u017esiimantys nardymu, kur b\u016btina kokybi\u0161ka duj\u0173 mainai ir deguonies tiekimas, pradeda ar toliau r\u016bkyti. R\u016bkymas gali ir yra \u017einoma, kad turi \u012ftakos duj\u0173 mainams organizme. Deginant tabakui susidaro daug toksi\u0161k\u0173 jungini\u0173, i\u0161 kuri\u0173 geriausiai \u017einomas yra anglies monoksidas. Jis atsiranda d\u0117l nevisi\u0161ko bet koki\u0173 organini\u0173 jungini\u0173 degimo ir labai paveikia raudon\u0173j\u0173 kraujo k\u016bneli\u0173 geb\u0117jim\u0105 perne\u0161ti deguon\u012f \u012f k\u016bno audinius. Kita vertus, nardant viskas tiesiogiai susieta su efektyvia duj\u0173 mainais ir visi tai \u012ftakojantys veiksniai kelia bereikaling\u0105 rizik\u0105. Jei anglies monoksidas prisijungia prie raudon\u0173j\u0173 kraujo k\u016bneli\u0173, jie nebegali perne\u0161ti deguonies. Jei ner\u016bkan\u010dio \u017emogaus kraujyje anglies monoksido lygis yra 2% (matuojamas parametras yra karboksihemoglobinas), tai r\u016bkantiems \u0161is parametras yra penkis kartus didesnis (blogesnis).
\nPastaba: \u012e susidom\u0117jim\u0105 \u017ei\u016br\u0117kite su nepasitik\u0117jimu, nes \u012ftariama, kad originaliame tekste minimi procentai, kurie buvo i\u0161versti \u012f rus\u0173 kalb\u0105. Anglies monoksidas jungiasi su hemoglobinu ir taip lengvai nei\u0161siskiria, ta\u010diau jo dalinis sl\u0117gis normalioje atmosferoje yra toks ma\u017eas, kad kyla abejoni\u0173 d\u0117l 2% lygio ner\u016bkan\u010diam \u017emogui.<\/p>\n

Plau\u010di\u0173 dirginimas<\/strong>
\nTabako d\u016bm\u0173 toksinai dirgina kv\u0117pavimo tak\u0173 pavir\u0161i\u0173. Vienas i\u0161 svarbiausi\u0173 kv\u0117pavimo tak\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173 tip\u0173 gleivin\u0117je yra pakra\u0161\u010diai, naudojami gleiv\u0117ms ir svetimk\u016bniams pa\u0161alinti i\u0161 kv\u0117pavimo organ\u0173. D\u016bmai sunaikina \u0161ias l\u0105steles, tod\u0117l organizmas praranda geb\u0117jim\u0105 pa\u0161alinti svetimk\u016bnius i\u0161 kv\u0117pavimo tak\u0173. \u0160is defektas \u017eenkliai padidina rizik\u0105 susirgti l\u0117tiniu bronchitu, \u201er\u016bkan\u010diajam\u201c sukelia kosul\u012f, taip pat priver\u010dia aistringus ir u\u017esit\u0119susius r\u016bkalius po miego i\u0161stumti nema\u017eus kiekius sekreto. Kv\u0117pavimo tak\u0173 dirginimas taip pat gali sukelti nenusp\u0117jamus ir \u016bmius bronch\u0173 spazmo priepuolius, d\u0117l kuri\u0173 narams gresia sunki barotrauma ir duj\u0173 embolija.<\/p>\n

Emfizema<\/strong>
\nJei ne\u012ftrauksime nedidel\u0117s \u012fgimt\u0173 genetini\u0173 sutrikim\u0173 turin\u010di\u0173 \u017emoni\u0173, emfizema ner\u016bkan\u010diam \u017emogui nepasitaiko. Plau\u010diuose dujos kei\u010diasi ma\u017euose mai\u0161eliuose, vadinamuose alveol\u0117mis. Alveol\u0117s pavir\u0161ius padengtas specialiomis l\u0105stel\u0117mis, kurios padeda dujas perkelti \u012f \u0161alia esan\u010dius kapiliarus. Ner\u016bkan\u010diam \u017emogui alveoli\u0173 strukt\u016bra i\u0161lieka pastovi beveik vis\u0105 gyvenim\u0105. R\u016bkantiems tabako d\u016bmuose esantys toksinai suardo jungiamojo audinio sluoksn\u012f, sudarant\u012f alveoli\u0173 strukt\u016br\u0105. Emfizema suardo alveoli\u0173 pavir\u0161i\u0173 taip, kad duj\u0173 mainai tampa nebe\u012fmanomi ir d\u0117l to alveol\u0117s negali prisipildyti ir i\u0161tu\u0161tinti kaip reikiant.
\nTies\u0105 sakant, d\u0117l sieneli\u0173 irimo plau\u010diuose susidaro didel\u0117s oro \u201eskyl\u0117s\u201c, kurias dengia plonos sienel\u0117s. Jie yra tokie ploni, kad gali atsiskirti nuo plau\u010di\u0173 pavir\u0161iaus. \u0160ie dariniai, medicinos terminologijoje vadinami buliais, narui gali sukelti plau\u010di\u0173 barotraum\u0105 ir arterij\u0173 embolij\u0105. Mikroskopu ap\u017ei\u016br\u0117jus r\u016bkan\u010diojo plau\u010di\u0173 alveoles, ai\u0161kiai matomas j\u0173 suskilimas, o tai rodo nepalankius plau\u010di\u0173 cistologin\u0117s (audini\u0173) strukt\u016bros poky\u010dius.
\nEmfizema yra nepagydoma l\u0117tin\u0117 b\u016bkl\u0117, nors vaistai, tokie kaip astmos inhaliatoriai ir steroidiniai hormonai, kartais gali palengvinti simptomus. Kitais atvejais jau prireikia deguonies terapijos, ta\u010diau \u012fleistais atvejais ir paskutin\u0117se ligos stadijose i\u0161gelb\u0117ti galima tik persodinus plau\u010dius.<\/p>\n

Nikotinas
\n<\/strong>Nikotinas yra narkotikas, kuris patenka \u012f organizm\u0105 per d\u016bmus ar kitus tabako vartojimo b\u016bdus, pavyzd\u017eiui, uostydamas ar kramtydamas. Nikotinas sukelia laikin\u0105 kraujagysli\u0173 susiaur\u0117jim\u0105, padidina kraujosp\u016bd\u012f ir skatina ateroskleroz\u0119 ilgai vartojant. Ateroskleroz\u0117 savo ruo\u017etu sukelia problem\u0173, susijusi\u0173 su nepakankamu apr\u016bpinimu krauju ir d\u0117l to audini\u0173 tr\u016bkumo deguonies. Jei \u0161iame procese dalyvauja kraujagysl\u0117s, apr\u016bpinan\u010dios smegenis ar nugaros smegenis, galutinis rezultatas yra diagnoz\u0117 \u2013 insultas. Jei pa\u017eeid\u017eiamos \u0161ird\u012f apr\u016bpinan\u010dios kraujagysl\u0117s, r\u016bkant\u012fj\u012f gali i\u0161tikti \u0161irdies priepuolis. Staigus skausmas \u0161irdies srityje rodo i\u0161emin\u0119 lig\u0105. Insultas ar infarktas nardymo metu da\u017eniausiai b\u016bna mirtini, nes net jei pavyksta nuplaukti ir gr\u012f\u017eti \u012f laiv\u0105, b\u016btinoji medicinin\u0117 pagalba beveik nepasiekiama arba ji b\u016bna per ilga.<\/p>\n

Plau\u010di\u0173 v\u0117\u017eys<\/strong>
\nViena pavojingiausi\u0173 u\u017esit\u0119susio ir aistringo r\u016bkymo pasekmi\u0173 yra plau\u010di\u0173 v\u0117\u017eys. Da\u017eniausios ner\u016bkan\u010di\u0173j\u0173 plau\u010di\u0173 v\u0117\u017eio formos yra retos. Kita vertus, r\u016bkaliai puikiai \u017eino ry\u0161\u012f tarp \u0161io pavojingo negalavimo ir tabako vartojimo. Jau 1984 m. r\u016bkymo pavojus buvo suformuluotas JAV sveikatos apsaugos sistemos vyriausiojo gydytojo ir Kongreso priimtas skelbti ant vis\u0173 tabako gamini\u0173 pakuo\u010di\u0173 ir reklamin\u0117s med\u017eiagos. Tabako vartojimas siejamas ne tik su plau\u010di\u0173, gerkl\u0117s ar burnos v\u0117\u017eio i\u0161sivystymu, bet ir su kitomis v\u0117\u017eio r\u016b\u0161imis. V\u0117\u017eys i\u0161 esm\u0117s yra tabako toksin\u0173 poveikis l\u0105stel\u0117ms, kurios praranda normal\u0173 augim\u0105 ir savireguliacijos mechanizmus. Tod\u0117l yra apibr\u0117\u017eimas, kad tabako d\u016bmuose yra kancerogenini\u0173 (v\u0117\u017e\u012f skatinan\u010di\u0173) med\u017eiag\u0173. Kaip jau min\u0117ta, tabako d\u016bmai dirgina kv\u0117pavimo tak\u0173 pakra\u0161\u010dius, tod\u0117l l\u0105stel\u0117s tampa atsparesn\u0117s toksinams, tod\u0117l gali tr\u016bkti normalaus l\u0105steli\u0173 augimo, s\u0105veikos ir savireguliacijos mechanizm\u0173.<\/p>\n

Jaunyst\u0117 yra gyvenimo etapas, kai daugelis jau\u010diasi beveik arba am\u017einai. Deja, medicinos praktika da\u017enai susiduria su tokio gyvenimo b\u016bdo pasekm\u0117mis, kai rizikingas elgesys daugeliui jaun\u0173 \u017emoni\u0173 yra norma. Save naikinan\u010dio elgesio pasekm\u0117s atrodo taip toli, kad dabar gali apie tai negalvoti. Dauguma jaun\u0173 r\u016bkali\u0173 turi pakankamai \u0161irdies ir kv\u0117pavimo sistemos rezervo, kad gal\u0117t\u0173 susidoroti su \u017ealingu r\u016bkymo poveikiu. Kita vertus, ilgai r\u016bkantis \u017emogus tokio rezervo nebeturi ir net tabako atsisakymas nepaj\u0117gs pakeisti patologijos \u2013 gr\u012f\u017eti prie pradin\u0117s normalios duj\u0173 main\u0173 ir cirkuliacijos.
\nDr. Davido Busho tyrime minimas DAN tyrimas, kuris nurodo galim\u0105 ry\u0161\u012f tarp r\u016bkymo ir sunki\u0173 simptom\u0173 atsiradimo sergant dekompresine liga. Tikim\u0117s, kad abiejuose straipsniuose pateikta informacija privers susim\u0105styti ir \u017emon\u0117s mieliau renkasi saug\u0173 nardym\u0105, o ne tabak\u0105.<\/p>\n

Artimesnis originalo vertimas i\u0161 \u017eurnalo \u201eA\u0161tuonkojai\u201c rugpj\u016b\u010dio-rugs\u0117jo m\u0117n. 2008 rus\u0173 kalba.
\nTeksto autorius Dr.med. Jimas Caruzo
\n\u012e rus\u0173 kalb\u0105 i\u0161vert\u0117 Antonas \u010cerkasovas<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Straipsnyje \u201eR\u016bkymas ir nardymas\u201c dr. Davidas Buchas atkreipia m\u016bs\u0173 d\u0117mes\u012f \u012f tai, kad per daug aktyvi\u0173 nar\u0173 yra ir aistringi r\u016bkaliai. Ties\u0105 sakant, per 15 met\u0173, kuriuos praleid\u017eiu pramoginiame nardymui, pasteb\u0117jau, kad tarp plaukik\u0173 suma\u017e\u0117jo r\u016bkan\u010di\u0173j\u0173 skai\u010dius. Daugelis nar\u0173 [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":666,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veseligs-dzivesveids"],"yoast_head":"\nZem\u016bdens nir\u0161ana un sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana - Daivings.lv<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/lt\/povandeninis-nardymas-ir-smekesana\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zem\u016bdens nir\u0161ana un sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana - Daivings.lv\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rakst\u0101\u00a0\u201cSm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana un zem\u016bdens peld\u0113\u0161ana\u201d\u00a0Dr. Deivids Bu\u010ds (David Buch)\u00a0 piev\u0113r\u0161 m\u016bsu uzman\u012bbu faktam, ka p\u0101r\u0101k daudz akt\u012bvu nir\u0113ju ir ar\u012b kaisl\u012bgi sm\u0113\u0137\u0113t\u0101ji. Paties\u012bb\u0101, 15 gadu laik\u0101 ko pavadu ar atp\u016btu saist\u012bt\u0101 zem\u016bdens peld\u0113\u0161an\u0101, nov\u0113roju sm\u0113\u0137\u0113t\u0101ju skaita samazin\u0101\u0161anos peld\u0113t\u0101ju vid\u016b. 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treneris un profesion\u0101ls fotogr\u0101fs, zem\u016bdens operators. Uzs\u0101cis nir\u0113ja gaitas 2005.gada 20.oktobr\u012b, izejot apm\u0101c\u012bbu Daivinga Instruktoru Profesion\u0101l\u0101 Asoci\u0101cij\u0101, DIPA (Ang. PADI \u2013 Professional Association of Diving Instructors ), tren\u0113jies nir\u0161anas profesion\u0101l\u0101s izaugsmes apm\u0101c\u012bb\u0101 Adrijas un Jonijas j\u016br\u0101s, Zieme\u013cu Atlantijas oke\u0101na sal\u0101s, Sarkan\u0101 j\u016br\u0101, Norv\u0113\u0123u j\u016br\u0101 un Vidusj\u016br\u0101. Piedal\u012bjies zem\u016bdens arheolo\u0123isk\u0101 projekt\u0101 Latvij\u0101. 2006.gada 24.j\u016blij\u0101 izveidojis nir\u0161anas klubu \u201cDaivings.lv\u201d. Paveicis vair\u0101k k\u0101 5000 ienir\u0161anas ar zem\u016bdens elpojamo apar\u0101tu. Piedal\u012bjies daudz\u0101s nir\u0161anas eksped\u012bcij\u0101s, interes\u0113jas par ekolo\u0123iju un to k\u0101 klimata izmai\u0146as ietekm\u0113 zem\u016bdens pasauli.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/daivings.lv\\\/lt\\\/author\\\/admin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Nardymas po vandeniu ir r\u016bkymas - Daivings.lv","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/lt\/povandeninis-nardymas-ir-smekesana\/","og_locale":"lt_LT","og_type":"article","og_title":"Zem\u016bdens nir\u0161ana un sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana - Daivings.lv","og_description":"Rakst\u0101\u00a0\u201cSm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana un zem\u016bdens peld\u0113\u0161ana\u201d\u00a0Dr. Deivids Bu\u010ds (David Buch)\u00a0 piev\u0113r\u0161 m\u016bsu uzman\u012bbu faktam, ka p\u0101r\u0101k daudz akt\u012bvu nir\u0113ju ir ar\u012b kaisl\u012bgi sm\u0113\u0137\u0113t\u0101ji. 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