{"id":10260,"date":"2024-10-13T19:23:12","date_gmt":"2024-10-13T19:23:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/?p=10260"},"modified":"2025-04-30T05:28:07","modified_gmt":"2025-04-30T05:28:07","slug":"albury-1804-1837-buru-kugis-starp-angliju-baltijas-juru-un-dienvidafriku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/lt\/sv-albury-1804-1837-burlaivis-tarp-anglijos-baltijos-juros-ir-pietu-afrikos\/","title":{"rendered":"Burlaivis \u201eAlbury\u201c (1804\u20131837) tarp Anglijos ir Rygos, per Baltijos j\u016br\u0105 ir Piet\u0173 Afrik\u0105"},"content":{"rendered":"

Brigas \u201eAlbury\u201c \u2013 tai 30 metr\u0173 ilgio burlaivio, kadaise kirtusio vandenynus ir patyrusio ir puiki\u0105 s\u0117km\u0119, ir tragi\u0161k\u0105 pabaig\u0105 Dauguvos vartuose, istorija.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burlaivis "Albury" <\/strong>Gim\u0117 1804 m. Niukasle\u0160iaur\u0117s krantas, Niukaslas<\/strong>) prie Taino up\u0117s, Anglijoje. \u0160is didingas burlaivis, sveriantis 338 tonas ir \u012fsp\u016bding\u0173 matmen\u0173 \u2013 96 p\u0117d\u0173 ilgio, 24 p\u0117d\u0173 plo\u010dio ir 17 p\u0117d\u0173 auk\u0161\u010dio, buvo skirtas ilgoms kelion\u0117ms. Jau 1805 m. \u201eAlburis\u201c, vadovaujamas kapitono T. Boyle'o, pasirod\u0117 Lloydo registre, vykdantis keliones tarp Londono ir Rygos. Baltijos j\u016bra tapo pagrindine jos veiklos sritimi, gabenant krovinius ir keleivius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naujas gyvenimas Piet\u0173 Afrikoje<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1820-ieji metai pa\u017eym\u0117jo nauj\u0105 skyri\u0173 Albury istorijoje. Kapitonas Cunninghamas ir jo \u012fgula i\u0161 Liverpulio i\u0161plauk\u0117 \u012f ilg\u0105 kelion\u0119 \u012f Piet\u0173 Afrik\u0105. Laivas gabeno 167 naujakurius, kurie svajojo prad\u0117ti nauj\u0105 gyvenim\u0105 \u0161ioje tolimoje \u017eem\u0117je. Po keli\u0173 m\u0117nesi\u0173 kelion\u0117s j\u016bra Albury pasiek\u0117 Simono \u012flank\u0105, o v\u0117liau ir Algoa \u012flank\u0105, kur jau buvo atvyk\u0119 daugiau nei 100 naujakuri\u0173, pers\u0117dusi\u0173 i\u0161 kito laivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Sugeneruotas
Sugeneruotas vaizdas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tragi\u0161ka pabaiga<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nepaisant daugelio s\u0117kming\u0173 kelioni\u0173, Albury likimas buvo tragi\u0161kas. 1837 met\u0173 spal\u012f, gr\u012f\u017edamas i\u0161 Rygos pakeliui \u012f London\u0105, laivas buvo apgadintas per stipri\u0105 audr\u0105. Nors visa \u012fgula buvo i\u0161gelb\u0117ta, pats laivas buvo apgadintas visam laikui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atsikirtimas vietiniuose laikra\u0161\u010diuose<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuo metu vietiniai laikra\u0161\u010diai pla\u010diai nu\u0161viet\u0117 Albury avarij\u0105. Laikra\u0161tyje \u201eBolderaja\u201c buvo i\u0161spausdintas prane\u0161imas apie tai, kaip laivas u\u017eplauk\u0117 ant seklumos netoli Manga\u013csalos, o v\u0117liau buvo nugabentas \u012f viet\u0105 netoli Daugavgryvos tvirtov\u0117s, kur, deja, nuskendo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bolderajoje, 1837 m. spalio 10 d.<\/strong> Angl\u0173 brigas \u201eThe Albury\u201c, kuris i\u0161plauk\u0117 \u012f j\u016br\u0105 5 d. papildyti krovinio, vakar apie 11 val. ryto u\u017eplauk\u0117 ant seklumos rytin\u0117je s\u0105siaurio pus\u0117je, netoli Mangalsalos ky\u0161ulio. Kadangi min\u0117tas brigas, u\u017eplauk\u0119s ant seklumos, buvo apgadintas ir prad\u0117jo leisti vanden\u012f, jo \u012fgula i\u0161sigelb\u0117jo valties pagalba. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jiems pasisekus, vandens lygis per valand\u0105 pakilo daugiau nei p\u0117da ir pama\u017eu i\u0161k\u0117l\u0117 nuskendus\u012f laiv\u0105 vir\u0161 siauro Magnuso salos ky\u0161ulio; \u010cia j\u012f pasitiko locmanai, kurie, d\u0117dami did\u017eiausias pastangas, i\u0161gelb\u0117jo laiv\u0105, nes j\u012f buvo galima pasiekti tik manevruojant nuo kranto. Spalio 21 d. jie i\u0161plauk\u0117 laivu u\u017e Dauguvos laivybos kelio rib\u0173, prie\u0161 srov\u0119 nuo Daugavgryvos tvirtov\u0117s, kur (galb\u016bt d\u0117l inkaro tr\u016bkumo) leido brigui nugrimzti \u012f dugn\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Galimas Albury<\/strong> poilsio vieta, nuskendusi\u0173 objekt\u0173 ap\u017ei\u016bra 2024 m.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Laiv\u0173 aukcionas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po avarijos Albury<\/strong> daiktai buvo parduoti aukcione, k\u0105 liudija laikra\u0161\u010di\u0173 straipsniai (\u201eRigasche Zeitung\u201c, Nr. 53 (1838 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 7 d.)) \u2013 bur\u0117s, inkarai, grandin\u0117s, virv\u0117s, takela\u017eas ir kiti laivo priedai<\/em><\/strong>. Laivas buvo parduotas, kad b\u016bt\u0173 padengtos draudik\u0173 i\u0161laidos, ir daugiau niekada nei\u0161plauk\u0117 \u012f j\u016br\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albury paveldas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albury istorija \u2013 tai nuotyki\u0173, sunkum\u0173 ir atkaklumo istorija. \u0160is laivas sujung\u0117 skirtingas pasaulio dalis ir dalyvavo istoriniuose \u012fvykiuose. Nors Albury neb\u0117ra, burlaivis gyvuoja j\u016br\u0173 istorijoje kaip \u017emoni\u0173, \u012fveikusi\u0173 j\u016bros stichijas, dr\u0105sos ir atkaklumo liudijimas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Papildoma informacija, laivo matmenys<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Laivo matmenys:<\/strong> 338 bruto registro tonos, 96 p\u0117d\u0173 ilgio, 24,1 p\u0117dos plo\u010dio ir 17,6 p\u0117d\u0173 auk\u0161\u010dio.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Matmenys metrais: <\/strong>29,3 m, 7,3 m, 5,3 m<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Pirmas pamin\u0117jimas:<\/strong> 1805 m. Lloyd's Register su kapitonu T. Boyle'u ir mar\u0161rutu Londonas-Ryga.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Renginiai:<\/strong>\n
      \n
    • 1810 m. T.Boyle T.Boyle (patentuotas) Londonas\u2013Baltija \/ Malta Lloyd's Register (LR)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 1815 m. T.Boyle'as Blairas Cummingas (savininkas) Londonas\u2013Malta Liverpulis\u2013Jamaika LR<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 1820 W. Worth Cumming (patentuotas) Cork LR<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      1. met\u0173 \u2013 ve\u017e\u0117 naujakurius \u012f Piet\u0173 Afrik\u0105.<\/li><\/ol><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. 1837 m. \u2013 sudu\u017eo Dauguvos \u017eiotyse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Gyvenimas Albury laive XIX a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Gyvenimas Albury laive XIX am\u017eiuje b\u016bt\u0173 labai skyr\u0119sis nuo \u0161iuolaikini\u0173 kruiz\u0173. Tai buvo at\u0161iauri realyb\u0117, pareikalavusi ir fizin\u0117s, ir psichin\u0117s i\u0161tverm\u0117s.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ribota erdv\u0117 ir nepatogumai:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • Siauros kajut\u0117s:<\/strong> Ypa\u010d ilgose kelion\u0117se, pavyzd\u017eiui, \u012f Piet\u0173 Afrik\u0105, keleiviai ir \u012fgula tur\u0117jo dalytis ma\u017eomis, prastai v\u0117dinamomis kajut\u0117mis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Ribotas sanitarini\u0173 patalp\u0173 skai\u010dius:<\/strong> Laive buvo labai ribotos sanitarin\u0117s patalpos, kurios gal\u0117jo sukelti ligas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • S\u016bpuokl\u0117s ir j\u016bros liga:<\/strong> Nuolatinis laivo si\u016bbavimas suk\u0117l\u0117 j\u016bros lig\u0105 daugeliui keleivi\u0173 ir \u012fgulos nari\u0173.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Sklaidos kanalas:<\/strong> Maistas buvo paprastas ir da\u017enai pasikartojantis, daugiausia sudarytas i\u0161 konserv\u0173, s\u016brios m\u0117sos ir rupi\u0173 gr\u016bd\u0173. \u0160vie\u017ei produktai buvo reti ir labai vertingi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Su kokiais i\u0161\u0161\u016bkiais susid\u016br\u0117 naujakuriai, kurie kartu su Albury keliavo \u012f Piet\u0173 Afrik\u0105?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Pavojai:<\/strong> Nuolatin\u0117s gr\u0117sm\u0117s kilo d\u0117l audr\u0173, j\u016bros gyv\u016bn\u0173 ir laiv\u0173 nuolau\u017e\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u012egulos darbas:<\/strong> \u012egulai teko dirbti sunk\u0173 fizin\u012f darb\u0105, kad laivas b\u016bt\u0173 tvarkingas, pakrauti ir i\u0161krauti krovinius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Keleivi\u0173 u\u017eimtumas:<\/strong> Keleiviai netur\u0117jo daug galimybi\u0173 pramogauti. Nor\u0117dami u\u017epildyti laik\u0105, jie skait\u0117 knygas, \u017eaid\u0117 kortomis ar tiesiog m\u0117gavosi j\u016bros vaizdais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u012e Piet\u0173 Afrik\u0105 laivu Albury keliav\u0119 kolonistai tiek kelion\u0117s metu, tiek atvyk\u0119 \u012f nauj\u0105 \u017eem\u0119 susid\u016br\u0117 su daugybe i\u0161\u0161\u016bki\u0173. \u0160tai keletas svarbiausi\u0173 dalyk\u0173:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • Ilga ir sunki kelion\u0117:<\/strong> Plaukimas i\u0161 Anglijos \u012f Piet\u0173 Afrik\u0105 buvo ilgas ir varginantis procesas. Laivas sudreb\u0117jo, sukeldamas j\u016bros lig\u0105, o erdv\u0117 buvo ribota.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Ne\u017einoma ateitis:<\/strong> Kolonistai i\u0161vyko \u012f ne\u017einom\u0105 kra\u0161t\u0105, kur nebuvo jokios s\u0117kmingo gyvenimo garantijos. Daugelis paliko visk\u0105, k\u0105 \u017einojo, ir nu\u0117jo \u012f ne\u017eini\u0105.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Ligos:<\/strong> Buvo didel\u0117 rizika u\u017esikr\u0117sti tokiomis infekcin\u0117mis ligomis kaip \u0161iltin\u0117, cholera ir skorbutas laive ir atvykus \u012f nauj\u0105 \u017eem\u0119.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Sunkios darbo s\u0105lygos:<\/strong> Atvyk\u0119 naujakuriai tur\u0117jo statytis naujus namus ir dirbti sunk\u0173 darb\u0105, kad i\u0161gyvent\u0173. Klimatas skyr\u0117si nuo \u012fprasto ir tur\u0117jo prisitaikyti prie nauj\u0173 s\u0105lyg\u0173.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Socialiniai i\u0161\u0161\u016bkiai:<\/strong> Kolonistai tur\u0117jo prisitaikyti prie gyvenimo naujoje visuomen\u0117je, kurioje tur\u0117jo u\u017emegzti naujus santykius ir rasti savo viet\u0105.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Eismas su vietiniais:<\/strong> Ankstyvieji santykiai su vietiniais gyventojais da\u017enai buvo \u012ftempti, naujakuriams bandant u\u017evaldyti nauj\u0105 \u017eem\u0119 ir jos i\u0161teklius.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Albury vaidmuo Baltijos \u0161ali\u0173 prekyboje<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Angl\u0173 brigas \u201eAlbury\u201c atliko svarb\u0173 vaidmen\u012f XIX am\u017eiaus Baltijos j\u016bros prekyboje. \u0160is regionas tuo metu buvo intensyvios prekybos centras, o tokie laivai kaip \u201eAlbury\u201c buvo \u0161io prekybos laivyno dalis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Koks buvo Albury vaidmuo Baltijos \u0161ali\u0173 prekyboje?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • Preki\u0173 gabenimas:<\/strong> Albury, kaip ir daugelis kit\u0173 to meto laiv\u0173, daugiausia u\u017esi\u0117m\u0117 \u012fvairi\u0173 krovini\u0173 gabenimu tarp Anglijos ir Baltijos uost\u0173, ypa\u010d Rygos. \u0160iomis prek\u0117mis gal\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti tiek pramon\u0117s gaminiai i\u0161 Anglijos, kaip tekstil\u0117, metalai, tiek Baltijos regiono \u017ealiavos \u2013 mediena, linas, \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio produktai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Ekonomin\u0117 nuoroda:<\/strong> \u201eAlbury\u201c ir kiti pana\u0161\u016bs laivai puosel\u0117jo ekonominius ry\u0161ius tarp Anglijos ir Baltijos regiono. Prekyba skatino abiej\u0173 region\u0173 pl\u0117tr\u0105, k\u016br\u0117 darbo vietas, skatino kult\u016brinius mainus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Keitimasis informacija:<\/strong> J\u016brininkai taip pat buvo informacijos ne\u0161\u0117jai. Laiv\u0173 kapitonai ir \u012fgula da\u017enai pirmieji i\u0161girsdavo naujienas i\u0161 tolim\u0173 kra\u0161t\u0173. Jie gal\u0117jo ne\u0161tis lai\u0161kus, naujienas apie rinkos kainas ir kitus svarbius duomenis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              Kokios buvo laiv\u0173 statybos med\u017eiagos ir technologijos XVIII\u2013XIX a. \u0161imtmet\u012f?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              1. am\u017eiuje laiv\u0173 statyba buvo kvalifikuota profesija, pagr\u012fsta \u0161imtme\u010di\u0173 patirtimi ir \u017einiomis. Nors technologijos dar nebuvo pasiekusios \u0161iandieninio lygio, laivai buvo statomi labai tiksliai ir tvirtai, kad atlaikyt\u0173 j\u016bros stichijas.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                Med\u017eiagos:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • Medis:<\/strong> Pagrindin\u0117 med\u017eiaga laiv\u0173 statyboje buvo mediena. Da\u017eniausiai buvo naudojama \u0105\u017euolo, pu\u0161ies, buko ir kit\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 kieta mediena, kuri pasi\u017eymi dideliu atsparumu dr\u0117gmei ir puvimui.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Gele\u017eis ir metalas:<\/strong> Gele\u017eis ir metalas buvo naudojami tvirtinimo detal\u0117ms, vinims, inkarams ir kitoms metalin\u0117ms detal\u0117ms gaminti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Gyv\u016bniniai klijai ir augaliniai pluo\u0161tai:<\/strong> \u0160ios med\u017eiagos buvo naudojamos medin\u0117ms detal\u0117ms sujungti ir padaryti laivo korpus\u0105 atspar\u0173 vandeniui.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  Technologijos:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • Medin\u0117 konstrukcija:<\/strong> Laivai buvo statomi i\u0161 atskir\u0173 medienos gabal\u0173, kurie buvo sujungti naudojant \u012fvairias technologijas, tokias kaip gele\u017ein\u0117s vinys, mediniai kai\u0161\u010diai ir gyvuliniai klijai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Plaukimas:<\/strong> V\u0117jas buvo pagrindin\u0117 laiv\u0173 varomoji j\u0117ga, tod\u0117l daug d\u0117mesio buvo skiriama bur\u0117ms ir j\u0173 efektyviam panaudojimui.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Navigacija:<\/strong> Navigacija buvo pagr\u012fsta \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117mis, kompasu ir j\u016br\u0173 \u017eem\u0117lapiais. Astronominiai steb\u0117jimai pad\u0117jo nustatyti laivo viet\u0105.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Rankdarbiai:<\/strong> Dauguma laivo dali\u0173 buvo pagamintos rankomis, naudojant \u012fvairius med\u017eio apdirbimo \u012frankius.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Laiv\u0173 statyklos:<\/strong> Laivai buvo statomi specialiose laiv\u0173 statyklose, da\u017eniausiai esan\u010diose prie upi\u0173 ar j\u016bros.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Brigas \u201eAlbury\u201c \u2013 tai 30 metr\u0173 ilgio burlaivio, kadaise kirtusio vandenynus ir patyrusio ir puiki\u0105 s\u0117km\u0119, ir tragi\u0161k\u0105 pabaig\u0105 Dauguvos vartuose, istorija. Burlaivis \u201eAlbury\u201c gim\u0117 1804 m. Niukasle (\u0160iaurinis krantas, Niukaslas) prie Taino up\u0117s, Anglijoje. [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10286,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1591],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kugu-vraki"],"yoast_head":"\nBuru ku\u0123is "Albury" (1804-1837) starp Angliju un R\u012bgu, pa Baltijas j\u016bru un Dienvid\u0101friku - Daivings.lv<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/lt\/sv-albury-1804-1837-burlaivis-tarp-anglijos-baltijos-juros-ir-pietu-afrikos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Buru ku\u0123is "Albury" (1804-1837) starp Angliju un R\u012bgu, pa Baltijas j\u016bru un Dienvid\u0101friku - Daivings.lv\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Briga “Albury” \u2013 st\u0101sts par 30 metrus garu buru ku\u0123i, kas sav\u0101 laik\u0101 \u0161\u0137\u0113rsoja oke\u0101nus un piedz\u012bvoja gan spo\u017eus pan\u0101kumus, gan tra\u0123isku galu pie Daugavas v\u0101rtiem. Buru ku\u0123is “Albury” dzima 1804. gad\u0101 \u0145\u016bk\u0101sl\u0101 (North Shore, Newcastle) pie Tainas upes, Anglij\u0101. 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