{"id":670,"date":"2008-11-01T11:06:08","date_gmt":"2008-11-01T11:06:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/?p=670"},"modified":"2011-12-26T15:57:40","modified_gmt":"2011-12-26T15:57:40","slug":"smekesana-un-zemudens-peldesana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/en\/smekesana-and-underwater-swimming\/","title":{"rendered":"Smoking and scuba diving"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Smoking and scuba diving. Can it be said that such a combination is a risk factor <a title=\"caisson disease\" href=\"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/kesona-slimibas-skarta-daivera-aprupe\/\">caisson disease<\/a>? It is well known to most divers that drinking alcohol before diving can lead to dehydration, which in turn increases the risk of developing decompression sickness (DMS), also known as &#039;caisson&#039; disease. From the very beginning, everyone who learns scuba diving is taught to avoid alcohol on the day of the dive, and even advises to refrain during the entire diving vacation. In economically developed countries, tour operators do not even offer alcohol to people who have registered as divers. At least until the diving is over. But what about tobacco?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/Sm\u0117ja\u0161ana-un-zem\u016bdens-peld\u0113\u0161ana.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-671\" title=\"Smoking and scuba diving\" src=\"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/Sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana-un-zem\u016bdens-peld\u0113\u0161ana-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/Sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana-un-zem\u016bdens-peld\u0113\u0161ana-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/daivings.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/Sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana-un-zem\u016bdens-peld\u0113\u0161ana-262x175.jpg 262w, https:\/\/daivings.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/Sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana-un-zem\u016bdens-peld\u0113\u0161ana.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Smoking seems to be a much less taboo for divers. I have observed many experienced divers smoking a cigarette just before the dive, in between dives, or immediately after a series of dives. Most smokers are likely to be familiar with the health problems caused by tobacco use, but choose to smoke despite all the known risks. However, it seems that smoking divers do not know how this activity affects DKS.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Does smoking increase the risk of caesarean section?<\/strong><br \/>\nThere is very little information on tobacco use in the medical literature related to scuba diving and it can provide only a small amount of knowledge about the effects of smoking on the risk of developing DKS. There is reason to believe that smoking-related illnesses such as emphysema, atherosclerosis, vasoconstriction and cholesterol deposits are prerequisites for severe swimming-related injuries such as arterial gas embolism or decompression sickness. A smoking diver may also be unaware of any of the above conditions. When we search for information on the web with the most popular search engines, Google and Yahoo, we find only a few articles that speak out against smoking combined with scuba diving for the reasons mentioned above. To date, there has been no in-depth study of the regularities of smoking and DKS.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Study &quot;Diving and smoking&quot;<\/strong><br \/>\nThe information gathered by DAN on accidents involving scuba divers also includes detailed information on the nature of the symptoms and whether the victim is a smoker. In the period from 1989 to 1999, more than 4,000 cases of DKS were registered. The information was passed on to scientists from Duke University (North Carolina, USA), where, in collaboration with DAN, an analysis of the information was performed. The findings of the study were published in the December 2003 issue of the journal Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine. They say that, regardless of other factors, smokers have more severe DKS symptoms than non-smokers.<br \/>\nDKS includes a number of symptoms of varying severity, from itchy skin, joint pain to convulsions, loss of consciousness and death. Research entitled \u201cTobacco Smoking and the Severity of Decompression Sickness: A Retrospective Study of Holiday Divers\u201d states that passionate smokers (15 or more pack years [one pack year means a smoker consumes one pack of cigarettes a day for a year]) tend to get more severe DKS. symptoms compared to less active smokers, who in turn have more severe symptoms compared to non-smoking divers.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Passionate smokers feel the difference<\/strong><br \/>\nWhen passionate smokers were compared with non-smokers, it was found that smokers who developed DKS were twice as likely to experience more severe symptoms than mild ones. Approximately 371 passionate smokers with severe symptoms had severe symptoms, compared with only 241 non-smokers in similar conditions. Around 20% victims of non-smokers had only mild DKS symptoms, compared to smokers 14% (note, other smokers had more severe symptoms).<br \/>\nHowever, this study does not prove that smoking is the cause of DKS. However, it clearly showed that if DKS symptoms appear, then the smoking diver&#039;s severity tends to increase. The possible cause is a narrowing of the blood vessels in the lungs caused by smoking.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Are smoking associated with other risks?<\/strong><br \/>\nWhen researching possible risk factors for DKS, scientists mostly use static methods, which may also mean that smoking influences the factors that secondarily affect the course of the disease. Studies are needed to confirm that smokers are at higher risk for DKS. It is necessary to know the overall percentage between smoking and non-smoking divers and the proportion who have suffered from DKS, but a comprehensive study is currently lacking baseline data.<br \/>\nSmokers must be prepared to bear the risk of harm to general health caused by tobacco consumption. Smokers may think that cancer, lung disease and heart disease are so far away that it will be possible to give up cigarettes before they start. In relation to scuba diving, the knowledge that smoking may be associated with more severe DKS symptoms is already a valid reason to give up another cigarette.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em>Original translation from the magazine &quot;Octopus&quot; Aug.-Sept. 2008 in Russian.<br \/>\nText author D. med. David Buch.<br \/>\nThe material is published by DAN Europe.<br \/>\nTranslated into Russian by Anton Cherkasov<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Smoking and scuba diving. Can such a combination be said to be a risk factor for caesarean section? It is well known to most divers that drinking alcohol before diving can cause dehydration, which in turn increases decompression sickness (DMS), also known as \u201ccaisson\u201d [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":671,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[65],"class_list":["post-670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veseligs-dzivesveids","tag-kesona-slimiba"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana un zem\u016bdens peld\u0113\u0161ana - Daivings.lv<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/en\/smekesana-and-underwater-swimming\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana un zem\u016bdens peld\u0113\u0161ana - Daivings.lv\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana un zem\u016bdens peld\u0113\u0161ana. 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Vairumam nir\u0113ju ir labi zin\u0101ms, ka alkohola lieto\u0161ana pirms nir\u0161anas var izrais\u012bt organisma at\u016bde\u0146o\u0161anos, kas savuk\u0101rt palielina dekompresijas slim\u012bbas (DKS), kas paz\u012bstama ar\u012b k\u0101 \u201ckesona\u201d [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/en\/smekesana-and-underwater-swimming\/","og_site_name":"Daivings.lv","article_publisher":"https:\/\/facebook.com\/daivings\/","article_published_time":"2008-11-01T11:06:08+00:00","article_modified_time":"2011-12-26T15:57:40+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":533,"url":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/Sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana-un-zem\u016bdens-peld\u0113\u0161ana.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Valters","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@daivings","twitter_site":"@daivings","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Valters","Estimated reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/smekesana-un-zemudens-peldesana\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/smekesana-un-zemudens-peldesana\/"},"author":{"name":"Valters","@id":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/#\/schema\/person\/2d38bbddcd6444621ca8bcd097565438"},"headline":"Sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana un zem\u016bdens peld\u0113\u0161ana","datePublished":"2008-11-01T11:06:08+00:00","dateModified":"2011-12-26T15:57:40+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/smekesana-un-zemudens-peldesana\/"},"wordCount":1064,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/smekesana-un-zemudens-peldesana\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/Sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana-un-zem\u016bdens-peld\u0113\u0161ana.jpg","keywords":["Kesona slim\u012bba"],"articleSection":["Vesel\u012bgs dz\u012bvesveids"],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/smekesana-un-zemudens-peldesana\/","url":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/smekesana-un-zemudens-peldesana\/","name":"Smoking and underwater swimming - Daivings.lv","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/smekesana-un-zemudens-peldesana\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/smekesana-un-zemudens-peldesana\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/Sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana-un-zem\u016bdens-peld\u0113\u0161ana.jpg","datePublished":"2008-11-01T11:06:08+00:00","dateModified":"2011-12-26T15:57:40+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/smekesana-un-zemudens-peldesana\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/daivings.lv\/smekesana-un-zemudens-peldesana\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/smekesana-un-zemudens-peldesana\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/Sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana-un-zem\u016bdens-peld\u0113\u0161ana.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/Sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana-un-zem\u016bdens-peld\u0113\u0161ana.jpg","width":"800","height":"533"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/smekesana-un-zemudens-peldesana\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"S\u0101kums","item":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana un zem\u016bdens peld\u0113\u0161ana"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/#website","url":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/","name":"Diving Club","description":"PADI courses in Latvia, Diving club offers diving courses &amp; 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Began diving on October 20, 2005, undergoing training at the Professional Association of Diving Instructors, DIPA (Eng. PADI - Professional Association of Diving Instructors), trained in professional development training for diving in the Adriatic and Ionian seas, the islands of the North Atlantic Ocean, the Red Sea, the Norwegian Sea and in the Mediterranean. Participated in an underwater archaeological project in Latvia. On July 24, 2006, he founded the diving club &quot;Daivings.lv&quot;. Made more than 5000 scuba dives. Has participated in many diving expeditions, is interested in ecology and how climate change affects the underwater world.","url":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/en\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=670"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/670\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/671"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daivings.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}