<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nLatvijas \u016bde\u0146os ku\u0123u radioiek\u0101rtu izmanto\u0161anu stingri nosaka valsts normat\u012bvie akti (pieejami vietn\u0113 likumi.lv<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>At\u013cauja un unik\u0101lais MMSI numurs<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nLai uz peldl\u012bdzek\u013ca dr\u012bkst\u0113tu likum\u012bgi lietot VHF r\u0101ciju, ier\u012bce vispirms ir j\u0101re\u0123istr\u0113. Lieto\u0161anas at\u013cauju izsniedz un unik\u0101lo MMSI numuru<\/strong> pie\u0161\u0137ir VAS “Elektroniskie sakari”<\/strong>, pamatojoties uz ku\u0123a \u012bpa\u0161nieka piepras\u012bjumu un Latvijas J\u016bras administr\u0101cijas vai CSDD datiem. Radioiek\u0101rtas darbin\u0101\u0161ana bez der\u012bgas at\u013caujas un izsaukuma sign\u0101la ir nopietns radiosakaru noteikumu p\u0101rk\u0101pums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Apr\u012bkojuma pras\u012bbas p\u0113c MK noteikumiem Nr. 30<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nGalvenais atskaites punkts ir MK noteikumi Nr. 30 “Ku\u0123u radio un navig\u0101cijas apr\u012bkojuma izmanto\u0161anas un apkalpo\u0161anas noteikumi”<\/em>. Tie nosaka oblig\u0101to minim\u0101lo radioapr\u012bkojumu atkar\u012bb\u0101 no peldl\u012bdzek\u013ca kategorijas (kuras defin\u0113tas MK noteikumos Nr. 27):<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nD kategorija (aizsarg\u0101ti \u016bde\u0146i, l\u012b\u010di, ezeri):<\/strong> Korpusa garumam sasniedzot 12 m vai vair\u0101k (k\u0101 ar\u012b visiem D kategorijas ku\u0123iem ostu akvatorij\u0101s), oblig\u0101ta vismaz viena p\u0101rn\u0113s\u0101jam\u0101, \u0161\u013cakatu necaurlaid\u012bg\u0101 U\u012aV r\u0101cija ar nodro\u0161in\u0101tu av\u0101rijas sakaru iesp\u0113ju 16. kan\u0101l\u0101.<\/li>\n\n\n\nC kategorija (piekrastes ku\u0123o\u0161ana l\u012bdz 24 m):<\/strong> J\u0101b\u016bt apr\u012bkotiem ar stacion\u0101ro U\u012aV radioiek\u0101rtu, kas atbalsta DSC funkciju 70. kan\u0101l\u0101<\/strong>, k\u0101 ar\u012b vismaz vienu p\u0101rn\u0113s\u0101jamo r\u0101ciju. Papildus ieteicams NAVTEX uztv\u0113r\u0113js.<\/li>\n\n\n\nA un B kategorija (atkl\u0101t\u0101 j\u016bra un oke\u0101ns l\u012bdz 24 m):<\/strong> Nepiecie\u0161ams piln\u0101ks apr\u012bkojuma komplekts: stacion\u0101r\u0101 U\u012aV ar DSC, p\u0101rn\u0113s\u0101jam\u0101s r\u0101cijas (atbilsto\u0161i gl\u0101b\u0161anas plostu skaitam), MF\/HF vai satel\u012btsakaru aparat\u016bra, NAVTEX uztv\u0113r\u0113js un av\u0101rijas radioboja (EPIRB).<\/li>\n\n\n\nPeldl\u012bdzek\u013ci virs 24 m:<\/strong> Tiek apr\u012bkoti piln\u0101 GMDSS apjom\u0101 l\u012bdz\u012bgi kravas ku\u0123iem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Komercku\u0123i un jahtas<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nKomerci\u0101lajiem peldl\u012bdzek\u013ciem un re\u0123istr\u0113taj\u0101m jaht\u0101m pras\u012bbas tiek stingri kontrol\u0113tas saska\u0146\u0101 ar MK noteikumiem Nr. 49 “Noteikumi par ku\u0123u dro\u0161\u012bbu”<\/em>. Radioapr\u012bkojums tiek p\u0101rbaud\u012bts ikgad\u0113j\u0101s tehniskaj\u0101s apskat\u0113s. Ja r\u0101cija nedarbojas vai nav sertific\u0113ta, ku\u0123o\u0161anas sp\u0113jas apliec\u012bba netiek pagarin\u0101ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSvar\u012bgi:<\/strong> Radioapr\u012bkojuma periodisko p\u0101rbaudi (ne ret\u0101k k\u0101 reizi 3 gados) dr\u012bkst veikt tikai Latvijas J\u016bras administr\u0101cijas sertific\u0113ts komersants vai atz\u012bta klasifik\u0101cijas sabiedr\u012bba.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Operatora apliec\u012bba (SRC)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nLai likum\u012bgi izmantotu VHF r\u0101ciju ar DSC funkciju, kapteinim vai operatoram nepiecie\u0161ama Sertific\u0113ta \u012bs\u0101 vi\u013c\u0146u ce\u013ca operatora apliec\u012bba (SRC \u2013 Short Range Certificate)<\/strong>. Bez \u0161\u012bs apliec\u012bbas r\u0101ciju dr\u012bkst iesl\u0113gt un lietot vien\u012bgi re\u0101lu briesmu gad\u012bjum\u0101, raidot MAYDAY<\/strong> izsaukumu \u2014 t\u0101d\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b r\u0101ciju dr\u012bkst darbin\u0101t jebkur\u0161 apkalpes loceklis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Sodu un kontroles meh\u0101nismi Latvij\u0101<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nAtbild\u012bgie dienesti \u2014 Valsts robe\u017esardze<\/strong>, J\u016bras sp\u0113ku Krasta apsardzes dienests<\/strong> un Latvijas J\u016bras administr\u0101cijas Ku\u0123o\u0161anas dro\u0161\u012bbas inspekcija<\/strong> \u2014 regul\u0101ri veic reidus un p\u0101rbaudes gan ost\u0101s, gan piekrastes \u016bde\u0146os.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nRe\u0123istr\u0101cijas tr\u016bkums:<\/strong> Lietojot nere\u0123istr\u0113tu r\u0101ciju vai raidot bez saska\u0146ota MMSI numura, var sa\u0146emt sodu par radiosakaru k\u0101rt\u012bbas p\u0101rk\u0101p\u0161anu no VAS “Elektroniskie sakari” un Valsts policijas\/Robe\u017esardzes puses.<\/li>\n\n\n\nTehnisk\u0101 nesagatavot\u012bba:<\/strong> Ku\u0123o\u0161ana bez oblig\u0101t\u0101 dro\u0161\u012bbas un radioapr\u012bkojuma var novest pie aizlieguma atst\u0101t ostu, ku\u0123o\u0161anas sp\u0113jas sertifik\u0101ta anul\u0113\u0161anas un iev\u0113rojamiem naudas sodiem ku\u0123a \u012bpa\u0161niekam vai kapteinim.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFikt\u012bvi briesmu sign\u0101li:<\/strong> Par nepamatotu vai t\u012b\u0161u MAYDAY\/DSC briesmu sign\u0101la raid\u012b\u0161anu draud smaga administrat\u012bv\u0101 un pat krimin\u0101l\u0101 atbild\u012bba, segumpien\u0101kums par gl\u0101b\u0161anas dienestu izsauk\u0161anas izdevumiem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Kas ir DSC, MMSI, EPIRB un PLB?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nApz\u012bm\u0113jums<\/strong><\/td>Pilns nosaukums<\/strong><\/td>Galven\u0101 funkcija<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>MMSI<\/strong><\/td>Maritime Mobile Service Identity<\/em><\/td>Unik\u0101ls 9 ciparu ku\u0123a “telefona numurs”. Latvijas kodi s\u0101kas ar 275<\/strong> (piem., MRCC R\u012bga ir 002750100<\/code>).<\/td><\/tr>DSC<\/strong><\/td>Digital Selective Calling<\/em><\/td>Digit\u0101lais protokols uz 70. kan\u0101la<\/strong>. Nospie\u017eot sarkano av\u0101rijas pogu, autom\u0101tiski tiek nos\u016bt\u012bts koordin\u0101tu un briesmu pazi\u0146ojums.<\/td><\/tr>EPIRB<\/strong><\/td>Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon<\/em><\/td>Glob\u0101la av\u0101rijas radioboja (406 MHz) caur COSPAS-SARSAT satel\u012btiem. Autom\u0101tiski uzpeld un aktiviz\u0113jas, ku\u0123im grimstot.<\/td><\/tr> PLB<\/strong><\/td>Personal Locator Beacon<\/em><\/td>Person\u012bgais atra\u0161an\u0101s vietas raid\u012bt\u0101js. Piestiprin\u0101ms pie gl\u0101b\u0161anas vestes, re\u0123istr\u0113ts uz personu, nevis uz ku\u0123i.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>R\u0101ciju iedal\u012bjums un praktiskie darb\u012bbas att\u0101lumi<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nVHF radiovi\u013c\u0146i izplat\u0101s tie\u0161\u0101s redzam\u012bbas zon\u0101, t\u0101p\u0113c antenas uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas augstums bie\u017ei vien ir svar\u012bg\u0101ks par iek\u0101rtas jaudu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [Masta antena: 10-15m]\n \/\\\n \/ \\ <--- (Rada liel\u0101ku p\u0101rkl\u0101juma r\u0101diusu)\n \/ \\\n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\/~~~~~~\\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (\u016adens l\u012bmenis)\n [Rokas r\u0101cija: 1.5m] \\\n o \\\n \/|\\ \\\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Stacion\u0101r\u0101s (fiks\u0113t\u0101s) r\u0101cijas<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\nJauda:<\/strong> L\u012bdz 25 W (p\u0101rsl\u0113dzama uz 1 W tuv\u0101m sarun\u0101m ost\u0101s).<\/li>\n\n\n\nBaro\u0161ana:<\/strong> Piesl\u0113gta ku\u0123a 12V elektrot\u012bklam.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPriek\u0161roc\u012bbas:<\/strong> Augsta antena uz masta nodro\u0161ina lielu darb\u012bbas r\u0101diusu; integr\u0101cija ar NMEA 2000 \/ GPS ploteri.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>P\u0101rn\u0113s\u0101jam\u0101s (rokas) r\u0101cijas<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\nJauda:<\/strong> 5\u20136 W.<\/li>\n\n\n\nBaro\u0161ana:<\/strong> Ieb\u016bv\u0113ts akumulators.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPriek\u0161roc\u012bbas:<\/strong> Kompakta, mobila, neaizst\u0101jama k\u0101 rezerves iek\u0101rta vai sakaru l\u012bdzeklis gl\u0101b\u0161anas plost\u0101.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Sign\u0101la sniedzam\u012bba praks\u0113<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nSavienojuma veids<\/strong><\/td>Antenu augstumi<\/strong><\/td>Aptuvenais att\u0101lums<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>Stacion\u0101r\u0101 \u2194 Stacion\u0101r\u0101<\/strong><\/td>Masts 10\u201315 m \u2194 Masts 10\u201315 m<\/td> 25\u201335 j\u016bras j\u016bdzes (~45\u201365 km)<\/td><\/tr> Stacion\u0101r\u0101 \u2194 Krasta stacija (MRCC)<\/strong><\/td>Masts 10 m \u2194 Krasta tornis 30+ m<\/td> 30\u201350 j\u016bras j\u016bdzes (~55\u201390 km)<\/td><\/tr> Rokas r\u0101cija \u2194 Stacion\u0101r\u0101<\/strong><\/td>Cilv\u0113ks 1.5 m \u2194 Masts 10\u201315 m<\/td> 5\u201310 j\u016bras j\u016bdzes (~9\u201318 km)<\/td><\/tr> Rokas r\u0101cija \u2194 Krasta stacija<\/strong><\/td>Cilv\u0113ks 1.5 m \u2194 Krasta tornis 30+ m<\/td> 10\u201315 j\u016bras j\u016bdzes (~18\u201328 km)<\/td><\/tr> Rokas r\u0101cija \u2194 Rokas r\u0101cija<\/strong><\/td>Cilv\u0113ks 1.5 m \u2194 Cilv\u0113ks 1.5 m<\/td> 1\u20133 j\u016bras j\u016bdzes (~2\u20135 km)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\nPiez\u012bme:<\/em> V\u0113j\u0161, lieli vi\u013c\u0146i, lietus un boj\u0101ti kabe\u013ci samazina att\u0101lumu. Pareizi izv\u0113l\u0113ta, augst\u0101k pacelta antena att\u0101lumu palielina.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<\/span>R\u0101ciju un zem\u016bdens nir\u0161anas (daivinga) specifika<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nNir\u0161anas sports un darbi atkl\u0101t\u0101 \u016bden\u012b rada papildu riskus, kurus parasta ku\u0123o\u0161ana neparedz. T\u0101p\u0113c daivinga organiz\u0113\u0161an\u0101 r\u0101cijai ir \u012bpa\u0161a loma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Nir\u0161anas atbalsta laivas (Dive Support Vessel)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nOrganiz\u0113jot nir\u0161anas eksped\u012bcijas pie Baltijas j\u016bras nogrimu\u0161ajiem vrakiem vai t\u0101l\u0101k\u0101m nir\u0161anas viet\u0101m, atbalsta laiva (kuteris vai RIB laiva) ir \u016bdensl\u012bd\u0113ju galven\u0101 dro\u0161\u012bbas sala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nStraumes un redzam\u012bba:<\/strong> Baltijas j\u016br\u0101 uznirstot t\u0101l\u0101k no laivas sp\u0113c\u012bgu zem\u016bdens straumju d\u0113\u013c, \u016bdensl\u012bd\u0113js var \u0101tri tikt aizp\u016bsts t\u0101l\u0101k par tie\u0161\u0101s redzam\u012bbas robe\u017eu. Atbalsta laivai ar stacion\u0101ro r\u0101ciju un DSC ir j\u0101b\u016bt gatavai nekav\u0113joties sazin\u0101ties ar J\u016bras mekl\u0113\u0161anas un gl\u0101b\u0161anas koordin\u0101cijas centru (MRCC R\u012bga<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\nNir\u0161anas negad\u012bjumi (dekompresijas slim\u012bba, traumas):<\/strong> Medic\u012bnisk\u0101s evaku\u0101cijas (MEDEVAC) gad\u012bjumos 16. un 71. kan\u0101ls nodro\u0161ina zibens\u0101tru sazi\u0146u ar Krasta apsardzi un gl\u0101b\u0161anas dienesta helikopteriem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>\u016adensnecaurlaid\u012bba un dro\u0161\u012bbas apr\u012bkojums nir\u0113jam<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nNir\u0113jiem un virsmas atbalsta komandai parast\u0101s r\u0101cijas netur\u0113s ekstrem\u0101los apst\u0101k\u013cus. \u0160eit talk\u0101 n\u0101k specializ\u0113ts apr\u012bkojums:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nIPX7 \/ IPX8 un peldo\u0161ie korpusi:<\/strong> Nir\u0161anas atbalsta komandai paredz\u0113taj\u0101m rokas r\u0101cij\u0101m j\u0101b\u016bt ar visaugst\u0101ko \u016bdensdro\u0161\u012bbu (Submersible<\/em>). Daudzi modernie mode\u013ci iekr\u012btot \u016bden\u012b uzpeld un s\u0101k mirgot ar spilgtu LED gaismu.<\/li>\n\n\n\nHerm\u0113tiskie spiediena konteineri (Dry Suit Canisters):<\/strong> Tehniskie nir\u0113ji izmanto \u012bpa\u0161us alum\u012bnija vai iztur\u012bgas plastmasas herm\u0113tiskos konteinerus, kuros maza rokas r\u0101cija vai PLB raid\u012bt\u0101js<\/strong> tiek pa\u0146emts l\u012bdzi zem \u016bdens (l\u012bdz pat 40\u201360 metru dzi\u013cumam). Uznirstot negaid\u012bt\u0101 viet\u0101 vai prom no laivas, nir\u0113js atver konteineru un var uzreiz nos\u016bt\u012bt trauksmes sign\u0101lu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n\u016adensdro\u0161s PLB pie vestes:<\/strong> Person\u012bgais b\u0101ka-raid\u012bt\u0101js (PLB) speci\u0101l\u0101 \u016bdensdro\u0161\u0101 ietvar\u0101 ir lab\u0101kais apdro\u0161in\u0101jums solo nir\u0113jiem un komand\u0101m atkl\u0101t\u0101 j\u016br\u0101.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Kan\u0101li un dienesti Latvijas \u016bde\u0146os<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n16. kan\u0101ls (156.800 MHz):<\/strong> Starptautiskais briesmu, dro\u0161\u012bbas un izsaukumu kan\u0101ls. Visiem ku\u0123iem j\u0101nodro\u0161ina nep\u0101rtraukta klaus\u012b\u0161an\u0101s (distress watch<\/em>). Starptautiskais izsaukuma sign\u0101ls Latvijas piekrast\u0113: “RIGA RESCUE RADIO”<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n70. kan\u0101ls:<\/strong> Tikai digit\u0101lajiem DSC zi\u0146ojumiem (balss sakari aizliegti!).<\/li>\n\n\n\n71. kan\u0101ls:<\/strong> MRCC R\u012bga galvenais darba kan\u0101ls. \u0160eit tiek p\u0101rraid\u012bta ar\u012b ofici\u0101l\u0101 navig\u0101cijas un laika zi\u0146u inform\u0101cija (MSI<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n